Process and apparatus for burning heavy hydrocarbons



- 1,473,566 P. L. G. KREUTZBERGER ET AL PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING HEAVY HYDROGARBONS New. 6 1923.

Filed Jan. 26, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheat l Nov. 6, 1923.

P. 1.. cs. KREUTZBERGER ET AL PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING HEAVY HYDROCARBONS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. .26 1922 l'm enkm i E mama We 1- Patented idov. 6, 1923.

our sta r PAUL LEON GEORGES KREUTZBEBGER AND PIERRE GEBMAIN, or BELLEVUE I MEUDON, FRANCE.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING HEAVY HYDBCCARBONS.

7 Application filed January 26, 1922. .Serial No. 531,933.

T 0 (ZZZ whom it may cancer-n t Be it known that we, PAUL LEON GEORGES KREU'PZEERGER, engineer, residin at 8 rue des Buttes, Bellevue-Meudon, @eine and Oise, France, and PIERRE GERMAIN, engineer,

residing at 29' Grande Rue, ,Bellevue Meudon, Seine and Oise, France, have invented new f andv useful Improvements in Processesand Apparatus for Burning Heavy Hydrocarbons, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to improvements in apparatus for burning heavy hydrocarbons. The method of operat1on,'which 1s,ut1-

lizable in large industrialplants, becomes.

impossible for householdpurposes or, generally speaking, those which do not feed steam boilers.

The process described below is intended for use Withthis latter class of apparatus, which in principle is akin to that used in smoke-consuming furnaces in which the complete combustion can be obtained even of very heavy vfuels which wouldproduce in ordinary fur'naces,,and especially after each change, a thick tarry smoke. With this end in view combustion is efiected in two stages; in the first stage ithas a re ducing eliect, asin a gas producer, and in the second, the products of: distillation, the smoke andthe -oxide1of-carbon resulting from the effects of the firstl'stage, are reignited by means "of-a certain'quantity of supplementaryair which is, more or less heated and suppliedslightly'in excess for the purposev of ensuring the complete'oxidation-of allthe products. f The simplest type ofthese ifurnaces can be constituted by merely adnr'ritting a suit-. able-quantity of air abovethe-grate' of an ordinary furnace in addition to that drawn in thejash pan.i r

A largenumber of devices of'this kind have been constructed and,-.in the case of of oxide of carboniandthe products of distlllatlonot the c'oalremain substantially constant for-a predetermined rate of combustion which permits oiusing-the air'inlet openings placed below and abovethe grate; the regulation of these openings-is-not necessary except" in cases. Where such, rate is varied. Y 7

if the case isconsideredof an apparatus designedto burn a liquid at'a constant rate,

which liquid flows in a uniform manner through a suitably arranged regulating Cook, the condltions are similar tothe furnace cited above, having a continuous feed.

;Under these conditions, Fig. l:' annexed'to the present application by way of example shows a longitudinal section or"- the apparatus as a whole. Fig. 2 represents an ele .vation of the portion of Figure 1 situated immediately above the body of the'stove. Fig. 3 is a vertical section along line A,

' B, C, D of the former figure. Fig. 4c 'is a section along-the line E. F. of Fi 2 and Fig. 5 is a section along the line K. of Fig.2."v

InFigs. 1 and at t represents the fuel reservoir and be a Waterbath for the'purpose of heating a so as to renderthe liquid fuel suitably fluid. The water-bath is'fed by the small constant level reservoir 0 and heated by the gases of combustion passing through the chimney A Ma'riotte tube e im- -mersed inth'e reservoir a insures a constant supply of thinned out liquid on condition that the lid f is tight, whatever may be its level in the reservoir a.

It would also belpossibleto use. for this purpose, at'the exit from a, a reservoir having a constant level suchqas c.

A needle valve surrounded by an insulatingsubstance and operated by'the, wormwheel h and the worm'z', i which is fixed to the screw j, whichby thev intermediary of thenut is, in contact with the fixed tongue Z of the link mand of the collar n-carrying four obtura'torso 0 '0 0, permits of ob turating to a greater or less extent the tubes casing f-and a secondgcasing' Q72." -These tubes have their lower portion curved upwardly so' as'to penetrate into the twyer 1' -which is l'constricted at-r and then'widens automatic feed stokers the method of operation is extremely simple,'the proportion outso asto connect with the chimneyat 7' The needle valve 9 described above de-, livers the liquid by a pipe g which opensin the interior of the stove just above the first spiral of the coil 8, the section of which has semlcirc'ular shape forming a channel. 1

which pass the three air conduits 22 v a" which can be closed in the same way as the orifices :0 m m 011* of the upper portion of the stove. The conduits '0 and c? terminate under the grate 3 which serves for ignition.

The method of operation of the apparatus of which the different parts have just been described is the following.

By means of the combustion of chips of wood, twigs and the like, more or less moistened with petroleum and preliminarily placed on the grate 12 a temperature is produced in the twyer T which is sufficiently high to cause ignition of t e vapours of mazout. The constricted portion r of the twyer being of considerable thickness, retains a large proportion of the heat. The cock 9 is then gradually opened and the mazout, being thus released, flows as has already been described into the helicoidal channel. In order to ensure suilicicnt fluid ity of the mazout at the beginning one places boiling water in the water-bath Z).

The mazout slowly descending the incline of the channel, which is slight, in a heated space, is transformed into vapour which is incompletely oxidized by the air suckedfin through the apertures :0 50?, :0 w. The smoke produced in this way and the excess of vapours arrive by aspiration into the superheated zone r where the supplementary air feed through the heated pipes p p", p 17* enables their complete combustion to be effected. The regulation of this quantity of air is obtained simultaneously with that of the flow of liquid fuel by the mechanism placed in the open air between the upper portion of the stove and the water-bath of the maz'out reservoir. The knurled wheel 2' actuates on the one hand the cock 9 by means of the wheel 71, and wormwheel i and on the other hand the obturators 0 0 0 0' by the nut K: mounted on the screw 51' which drives, by means of the link m, the'colllar n fixed to the above mentioned obtu'rators. The regulation of the relation of these two operations should take account of the pitch of the screwthreads, lever arms, etc; as well asof the constant supply of liquid above the needle valve, which supply plays a favourable part in cases where the flow of the-liquid takes place according t0 a law more or less ap-' proximate to that of Poisouille. Under these circumstances it is possible to obtain a. constant pro-portion bet-ween the flow of air and liquid for all rates of combustion. Y y

In cases where-at the beginning of the operation, a small quantity of mazout might happen not to be burnt, the residue would flow into the nickel-steel wire basket If fitted with asbestos wicks which, being raised to a high temperature, would complete its com pristine.

messes Nevertheless, in case of accidental extinction, the liquid would flow into the tight box a which should have a suihcient volume to receive the reserve quantity in the reservoir a. The. curved form of the tubes 0 c ensures tightness of the box while at the same time permitting at the moment of ignition, the addition of air under the grate ;1

We claim:

1. An apparatus for burning heavy hydrocarbons, comprising means for preliminarily heating said hydro-carbon, means for feeding air thereto to effect partial combustion. a central twyer, means for feeding the prod nets of said partial combustion to said twyer, and means for feeding additional air to said twyer to effect complete combustion.

2. An'apparatus for burning heavy hydroof increased thickness, means for feeding the products of partial combustion to said twyer and means for feeding additional air to said twyer to effect complete combustion.

4. An apparatus forburning heavy hydrocarbons, comprising a casing, a central twyer in said casing, a spiral channel surrounding said twyer, means for feeding fuel to said channel, means for heating said channel, means for supplying-air to the fuel in said channel sufficient-for effecting partial combustion of said fuel, and'air-conduits passing through said casing andopening into said twyer, for the purpose ofdrawing the productsof partial combustion into said twyer.

5; An apparatus for burning heavy hydro carbons, comprising a casing, a central twyer in said casing and communicating at its lower end with the interior of said casing, an 'open spiral channel surrounding said twyer, means for feeding fuelto said channel, means for heating said channel, means for supplying air to the fuel in said channel for effecting partial combustion of said fuel,

and air conduits passing through said casing and opening into said tw-yer to effect complete combustion of'the fuel.

6. An apparatus for burning heavy h dra,

carbons, comprising a fuel reservoir, a relativelv large surface, mee'nsfo'r feeding fuel tosald surface, means for heating said surface, means for feeding air to said surface to cause partial combustion of the fuel,

means for drawing off the products Or -said masses 1 partial combustion, a second air-supplying means for completing the combustion and means for simultaneously regulating the feed of air and fuel. 7

7. An apparatus for burning heavy hydrocarbons, comprising a relatively large surface, means for feeding fuel to said surface, means for heating said surface, means for feeding air to said surface to cause partial combustion of the fuel, means for drawing off theproducts of said partial combustion, a second air-supplying means for completing the combustion, a valve for controlling the supply of fuel, means for controlling the supply of air and means for adjusting said valve and airsupplying means simultaneously. I

8. An apparatus for burning heavy hydrocarbons, comprising an outer casing, a helicoidal channel of slight'inclination but of large surface within said casing, means for feeding fuel to said channel, a' convergingdiverging twyer in said casing and surrounded by said channel, the contracted portion of said twyerbeing of increased thick ness so as to form a heat-reservoir, two sets of orifices for the admission of air, one of said sets being adapted to conduct the air to the said contracted portion of the twyer and means for regulating the feed of fuel in proportion to the air drawnin by the draft.

9. An apparatus for burning heavy hydrocarbons, comprising a casing, a central twyer in said casing, a helicoidal open channelof small incline but large'surface surrounding said twyer, means for heating said channel, means for supplying air to said channel to effect partial combustion of the fuel, means for drawing off the products of partial combustion to the mouth of said twyer, means for supplying air to said twyer to effect complete co-mbustion, a wire basket having asbestos wicks located below said twyer or' 7 adapted to catch any unburnt fuel and a grate beneath said basket for the purpose of starting the operation of the apparatus.

PAUL LEON GEORGES KREUTZBERGER. PIERRE GERMAIN. 

